The Transformative Leadership of General Tukur Yusufu Buratai, CFR: A Case Study for Military Leaders in Africa MS Abubakar, PhD,CAS,FICRPC

1. Introduction to General Tukur Yusufu Buratai

and the Context of Military Leadership in Africa
This case study presents a comprehensive analysis of the transformative leadership
of General Tukur Yusufu Buratai,CFR, a highly respected military leader with a
distinguished background in peacekeeping and conflict resolution who has devoted
his entire professional life to the noble cause of public service. General Tukur Yusufu
Buratai’s remarkable life experiences and extensive knowledge stand as a powerful
testament to what an effective, ethical, and visionary leader can achieve in the face
of adversity and challenges. He embodies the demographic, personal, and
intellectual qualities that African nations, as well as other developing countries, are
actively seeking in their military leaders to guide them toward stability and
progress. Furthermore, this study delves into an exploration of the broader context
within which generals operate, shedding light on the complex and often difficult
decisions and actions they must undertake on a regular basis in their leadership
roles. The findings and insights contained within this study are intended to serve as
a valuable resource for both military academics and practitioners engaged in the
critical field of leadership development. Africa, in particular, stands out as perhaps
the most significant region where military leaders occupy a prominent and
influential place in the socio-political and economic management of their nations,
especially in the midst of ongoing conflicts and wars. This prominence can be
attributed to the unique historical background of the states and their peoples, which
shapes the dynamics of military leadership and its impact on national stability and
growth.

2. Key Principles and Strategies of Transformative
Leadership Demonstrated by General Tukur Yusufu

The experiences of General Tukur Yusufu Buratai provide an interesting case study
in what makes some military leaders examples of transformative leaders. The
strategies and principles that led him to be considered a transformative leader are:

1. Promoting adaptability and being open to new innovative concepts and strategies.
2. Making participation more inclusive. 3. Visualizing the strategic endpoint or
vision and using that to inspire change in the organization. 4. Using collaboration
and building trust to support the operational needs of the army. 5. Recognizing that
not all change to the army was intended. He focused a significant amount of his
change effort on bolstering the good organization of his peers in order to help the
army build resilience in the face of the inevitable transformation, firing, and
elimination. Army transformation for Buratai was about people and operations –
learning, creativity, openness, and change were the underlying principles linking the
campaigns he sought. This further examines the principles and strategies of General
Buratai’s force shaping campaign in Chad and Nigeria and the organizational culture
initiatives. At each step, case studies and detailed operational narratives will be
used to illustrate the application of Buratai’s military leadership principles and the
military techniques that he developed as part of his efforts. In doing so, I hope to
provide a contribution to the understanding of military officers and security sector
reformers working in Africa today by not only describing Tukur Yusufu Buratai, but
also critically examining who he was with and why this matters.

3. Impact and Legacy of General Tukur Yusufu's

Leadership on the Military and Society in Africa
The influence and impact of General Tukur Yusufu Buratai's leadership transcended
the military structures that he transformed during his tenure as the Chief of Army
Staff. Through vision, strategic direction, creativity, perception, and above all,
personal commitment, General Buratai refashioned the conduct of African military
institutions. He transformed command cultures, doctrine, and operational strategies
for increased military capabilities and responsiveness. Moreover, his style and
instincts bestowed a lasting legacy upon the societies across Africa. He invested in
the persons behind the uniforms. It is in these societal changes that this narrative
locates some of the unique leadership tenets that each of Buratai's activities relates
to. A detailed approach to his initiatives will demonstrate how and why African
soldiers consider Tukur Yusufu Buratai the foremost military leader in Africa and
value his ideas and decade-long experimentation in military leadership.
General Tukur Yusufu Buratai undertook performance demonstrations despite the
skepticism and opposition surrounding the initiatives. His dedication reflected a
desire to enhance community engagement and fulfill social responsibilities,
effectively linking military operations and their potential risks to civilian lives and
livelihoods. The subsequent sections will detail and analyze the reforms he
independently implemented within military structures and practices aimed at societal peace during his tenure as the second senior officer of the Nigerian Armed Forces. This narrative will adopt a pragmatic lens to evaluate the sincerity of his
leadership commitment.
The impact of Tukur Yusufu Buratai's leadership is evident within the Nigerian
Army and throughout Africa (Chad,Cameroon,The Gambia, Sudan,Angola, Rwanda,
South Africa etc). Through both minor interventions and significant military
strategies and policy reforms enacted during his service, he exhibited profound
insight and capability in ethical leadership alongside a relentless pursuit of reform.
His innovative approach and investment in human talent transformed social
dynamics as the professional military spearheaded operations across Africa. Socio-
political discourse highlighted Buratai's dedication and accountability, earning him
widespread recognition. His leadership period in the Nigerian Army popularized the
notion of linking military achievement with societal transformation. He redefined
command in an unprecedented manner and scale, remaining resolute in aligning
army policies and operations with both national and international developments.
This unwavering commitment underscores the ongoing relevance of his teachings
and discussions in shaping strategies for conflict prevention and resolution within
the African sub-region. His concepts have become integral to the strategic
framework of Nigeria and Africa, contributing to regional stability and facilitating
international partnerships for military observer missions worldwide.
4. Comparative Analysis with Other Prominent
Military Leaders in Africa
The General Tukur Yusufu Buratai leadership style also exemplifies the
concentrated nature of a military leader. Societies with diverse contextual
underpinnings in Africa have been subjugated by leaders who transformed their
militaries for good governance. It is also crucial at this juncture to acknowledge
prominent military leaders who took over power through a coup d'état in Nigeria.
These leaders have also exhibited a leadership stance characterized by coercive
methods, failing to institute democratic governance in the military. These lessons
raise some fundamental points about the complete development that Tukur Yusufu
Buratai brought about in Nigeria.
The cases involving leaders portray military leaders who attempted to transform
their militaries in order to influence developmental governance through democracy
and human security in their societies. One leader developed a well-recognized
gender policy after a revolution in government, achieving significant gains in human
capital development in his country. Another recognized the wealth of his society and
also disdained disparities. In the cases of Tukur Yusufu Buratai and other African
military leaders, we see military leaders consolidating power through repression,

leading to an acceleration of state and military system collapse in society. In the
above illustrations, the military leaders' political, social, and cultural positions
shaped the society’s politico-military responses to their actions, even as the rupture
of systems and the energy produced were chronicled by the history of the era
discussed. The comparative treatment of our investigation of these phenomena
signifies an important bracket of thoughts in our subsequent analysis, policy
implications, and conclusion.
5. Recommendations and Lessons for Current and
Future Military Leaders in Africa
From the leadership research evidence, it is clear that General Tukur Yusufu Buratai
has used various successful adaptive and transformational leadership practices
during his career. Whether or not he was employing a contingency approach is
unclear, but there is no doubt that he was an effective peacekeeper and achieved an
impressively low conflict rate. To this end, there are several recommendations,
insights, and lessons for current and future military and security forces in Africa.
Fulfilling a nation’s pledge, army leaders around the world, such as General Buratai,
must enhance the military-civilian contribution through participative learning,
leadership cultures, and practices in order to achieve the course goals and
outcomes. Based on the discussion of the leadership lessons of former Lieutenant
General Tukur Yusufu Buratai,CFR, the following are some actions useful for leaders
in this modern day.
1. One of the most important factors in peace operations is ethical leadership,
predisposing leaders and followers to higher levels of cooperation and positive
outcomes. 2. Smart collaboration network skills, personal connection to a broader
community, and the earlier involvement of key community members, including
putting an emphasis on the connections to legitimacy, status, and recognition. 3. The
choice of methods is rapidly innovating practices, and instead of relying on recipes
or strict methods, organizations and groups of professionals and staff are
encouraged to focus on professional development using the best evidence available.
4. The accumulated evidence is that the world is overwhelmed with talk of
increasingly wicked problems. Periods of extreme, rapid technological and social
change demand cultures of ongoing learning, innovation, and resilience.
Highlighting the need for continued professional development and claiming this is in
response to the seventh age of the West and global insecurities uncovers the
capacity of defense practitioners.
Strategic communication is a core capability and skill to manage perceptions,
conversations, improve understanding, and contribute to the strategic ends for

groups, organizations, and governments that want to facilitate deeper regional
forms of ethical engagement and strategic conversation. In this regard, many
armchair critics have not managed military organizations, nor developed doctrine,
strategies, or tactics. Clearly, it is an organization that is ready to innovate and
improve communication policies and structures, engage with communities, and
socialize law-abiding values, necessary to make relevant the significant strategic
effects for community security. These will be in the interest of the people, and they
are ideals for any organization.
In summary, Tukur Yusufu Buratai consistently demonstrated a deep interest in
engaging with individuals, primarily through active listening, and subsequently
guiding them toward his vision and leadership objectives. General Buratai is
undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Army chiefs to have emerged in Nigeria
and Africa. His bravery, innovative approach, transformational leadership style, and
effective command and control strategies will serve as enduring benchmarks. He
has already become a reference point in numerous military institutions across
Nigeria. His unique brand of transformational leadership offers valuable lessons and
dimensions for both military and civic leaders. Consequently, the professional
insights gained during the Tukur era, while inherently tacit, have also been adapted
to align with the rapidly evolving socio-political landscape characterized by
insecurity. What is currently needed for leaders in public and social organizations is
a comprehensive understanding of how to strategically reposition their
organizations to address these challenges. This constitutes the central theme of this
text.

MS Abubakar is affiliated with the Department of Military Studies at the Abuja Leadership
Centre, University of Abuja. He composed this article from Maiduguri.

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